PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTICONVULSANT STUDIES ON METHANOL EXTRACT OF THE ROOTBARK OFUVARIA CHAMAEP. BEAUV. (ANNONACEAE)
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ABSTRACT
Uvariachamae P. Beauv. (Annonaceae) is widely distributed inAfrica, the plant species are used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflamatory, antimalarial, and analgesic. It is also used for treatment of jaundice, epilepsy and microbial infections. The powdered rootbark of U.chamaewas extracted with methanol using maceration method and the resulting crude methanol extract (CME) was solvent fractionated to give hexane (HF), chloroform (CF), ethylacetate (EF) and n-Butanol (BF) fractions. Chloroform fraction was step-wisely eluted in a silica gel packed column to afford eleven fractions S1-S12.Fraction S6was subjected to Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC), using hexane: ethyl acetate (5:3) as solvent system led to the isolation of Quercetin. The structure of the compound was elucidated using chemical test and spectroscopic techniques (UVand 1D-NMR) and by comparison with reference spectral data.The preliminary phytochemical screening of CME revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids and triterpenes. The acute toxicity study was carried out using Lorke’s method and the anticonvulsant activity was studied using maximal electroshock induced seizure test (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole induced seizure test (Sc. PTZ). The LD50 of the crude methanol extract (CME) was estimated to be 1131.37mg/kg in mice. The crude methanol extract(CME) was found to increase the mean time of recovery from seizures in MEST compared to negative control. The absence of anticonvulsant activity in MEST suggests that CME may not be useful in the treatment of generalized tonic clonic and partial seizures. In Sc.PTZ test, the CME at dose of 30mg/kg protected 80% of mice against pentylenetetrazole and significantly (P˂ 0.05) delayed the onset of seizure. Standard antiepileptic drugs such as valproic acid are thought to produce their effects by enhancing GABA mediated inhibition in the brain. In this regard, the CME have demonstrated anticonvulsant activity and may be useful in treatment of generalized absence seizure.
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